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Polarization as an Alternative to Globalization: The Role of Media Ownership in Creating Resisting Poles
By: Ardeshir Entezari (PhD), faculty member of Allameh Tabatabei University, and Director of Population Researches and Studies Center in Asia and the Pacific (PSRC)
To be presented at: 2009 Annual Conference of the Global Communication Association, Bangalore, India November 26-27, 2009
Globalization has confronted so many challenges. An orthodox approach toward globalization from a sociological point of view defines it as forming global processes in a discourse and cooperative context between existing cultural, economic and political (CEP) potentials of different parts of the world toward forming the global society. In fact globalization is a process in which groups and organizations from different parts of the globe attain to common problems and needs and eventually common solutions and procedures upon the existing cultural, economic and political (CEP) potentials.
This job implicates appearance of discourse context as Habermas indicates away from coercion, wealth and deception. In other words, the discourse context is a necessity for forming globalization and it takes place only if the chance for exchanging experiences and presenting ideas and procedures in variety of cultures happen almost evenly. But due to the mastery of superpowers of the world upon the media and internet, instead of obtaining discourse and cooperative context and following global culture, economy and politic, the balance has been disturbed in favor of the media owners and ruling powers. In fact a Western and mostly an American CEP has imposed itself as the global ones.
Such an entrance and confrontation to the globalization context implicates deep challenges and contradictions with the true nature of globalization in principles. In other words, what has happened till now under the name of globalization has been transnational and also within the global context but not global in nature. This is what I call it polar instead of global. Transnational relationship context and media have been brought about to coercively help the supremacy of the globe in CEP aspects and therefore a pole has come out of it not a globe; A pole with the centrality of American CEP patterns and procedures and following other Western European countries and Australia and Japan.
Applying hostile patterns in confrontation with alternative CEP patterns, not toward globalization but in favor of survival of one pole in the global context has paved the way for forming and strengthening the alternative resisting poles. In this way those groups, societies and cultures with more capacity of resistance on one side and potency of presenting more alternative and efficient patterns and procedures on the other side has more possibility of forming the alternative poles.
August 2009
